大学英语四级

考试类别

大学英语四级大学英语六级大学英语三级专四专八成人英语三级商务英语雅思 GRE

以下情形中,构成操纵证券?期货交易的有( )。答案解析
中国期货业协会、期货交易所依法对期货市场客户开户实行( )。答案解析
投资者应当遵守( )的原则，承担金融期货交易的履约责任，不得以不符合投资者适当性标准为由拒绝承担金融期货交易履约责任。答案解析
Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. Butthere is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things wecould not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. Avivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind of slovenliness in whichsome professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin to the cult (迷信.of the unfinished work, which haseroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, bydiscipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter. The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard ofspoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen a generation ortwo ago. The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的.part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead ofthe immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw (who was also very insistent on good pronunciation ),audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, to exhibit' lack ofcommunication', and larded (夹杂.with the obscenities (下流的话.and grammatical errors of the intellectuallyimpoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. " Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speakbadly, so that she should fit in better. But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard ofspoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unit coyly (含蓄的.put it, "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to thelatest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor. And the prospect seems to be of evenworse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnny's incoherent grammar, atrociousspelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius. 答案解析
某期货公司的期末财务报表显示，净资产为6000万元，负债为1000万元，客户权益额为68000万元，在计算期末净资本时，假定其资产调整值为1400万元，无负债调整值, 客户因可用资金为负（尚未穿仓）而应追加的保证金为500万元（按期货交易所规定的保证金标准计算）。请回答公司期末资本为（）答案解析
某期货公司的期末报表显示，其净资本为6000万元。监管部门发现该公司报表存在以下问题：第一，公司使用部分闲置的自用资金用于申购新股，在期末时仍有2000万元处于申购新股冻结状态，公司未对这部分资金进行风险调整(申购新股资金的风险调整比例为5%1；第二，公司资产负债表中的“期货风险准备金”为200万元，但公司在计算净资本时，未对该项目进行风险调整。在针对上述问题进行调整后，该公司的期末净资本实际为( )。答案解析
该公司下列风险监管指标中低于规定标准的是( )。答案解析
Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent. All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in thefirst year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected. Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed. Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.At twelve weeks a baby smiles and utters vowel--like sounds; at twelve month she can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar. Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a teddy bear with the sound pattern "teddy bear".And even more in-credible is the young brain's ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways. But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child's babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child's non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language. 答案解析
So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to readis not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that "reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible." Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed. Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.If teacher and learn roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest (探索) for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. "Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children." When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated.Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading. 答案解析
The predictability of our mortality rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. After all, there is no natural reason why 2,500 people should accidentally shoot themselves each year or why 7,000 should drown or 55,000 die in their cars. No one establishes a quota for each type of death. It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year. A few years ago a Canadian psychologist named Gerald Wilde became interested in this phenomenon. He noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the western world have remained oddly static throughout the whole of the century, despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. Wilde developed an intriguing theory called "risk homeostasis". According to this theory, people instinctively live with a certain level of risk. When something is made safer, people will get around the measure in some way to reassert the original level of danger. If, for instance, they are required to wear seat belts, they will feel safer and thus will drive a little faster and a little more recklessly, thereby statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers. Other studies have shown that where an intersection is made safer, the accident rate invariably falls there but rises to a compensating level elsewhere along the same stretch of road. It appears,then, that we have an innate need for danger. In all events, it is becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the factors influencing our lifespan are far more subtle and complex than "had been previously thought. It now appears that if you wish to live a long life, it isn't simply a matter of adhering to certain precautions eating the right foods, not smoking, driving with care. You must also have the right attitude. Scientists at the Duke University Medical Center made a 15-year study of 500 persons personalities and found, somewhat to their surprise, that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposition. Looking on the bright side, it seems, can add years to your lifespan. 答案解析
Students of economics are in revolt ( 造反 ) again.This year,65 groups of students from 30 countries established an International Student Initiative for Pluralism ( 多元化) in Economics. In not her subject do students express such organized dissatisfaction with their teaching. It seems, however, to little lasting effect. Temporality is inherent in student life: they don suits, collect their first salary and leave their complaints behind until the same complaints are rediscovered by a new group of19-year-olds with similar naive hopes of changing the world. Still, recurrent dissatisfaction among both students and employers suggests they have a point. One cause of the problem is not specific to economics. Modem universities prize research above teaching, to a degree that would astonish people outside the system, who imagine its primary purpose is to educate the young. In reality, teaching ability plays a bit role in university hiring and promotion decisions. Many academic staff regard teaching as a trouble that gets in the way of their "own" work. If most students were not having such a good time outside the classroom, they would be angrier than they are. They should be. Students demand for more pluralism in the economics curriculum is well made. Yet much of the" heterodox economics" the Manchester students suggest including is flaky, the creation of people with their own political agenda. Their professors reject the introduction of these alternative schemes. Yet teachers are mistaken in their conformity, to a single methodological approach—concluded in the claim that hastaken hold in the past four decades that approaches not based on rational choice foundations are unscientific or" not economics". The need is not so much to teach alternative paradigms of economics as to teach thatpragmatism, not paradigm, is the key to economic understanding. This eclecticism is reflected in the curriculum setting. The subject of economics is not a method of analysis but a set of problems--the problems that drew students to the subject in the first place. The proper scope of economics is any and all ideas that bear usefully on these topics: just as the proper scope of medicine is any and all therapies that help the patient. 答案解析
下列属于我国期货中介与服务机构的有（　）。答案解析
There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate(过度的)amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word"workaholic" has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic (酒鬼)is to liquor. There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, efficiency, and production--a workaholic supports these values. Despite the presence of workaholics,there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities. Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities."There is a belief that it is desirable" to work hard and play hard,and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work. People are ambivalent (矛盾的)toward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled. In the words of former President Richard Nixon: "The 'work ethic' holds that labor is good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America' s competitive spirit, the 'work ethic' of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down( 折磨 )sometimes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache." 答案解析
Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car bomb. The research community will rightly be alarmed at these developments, which have two aims:to draw public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The scientists insist that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trial. The Defense Research Society has taken the practical step ofoffering a reward of $10,000 for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack. That is why the intellectual community in Britain and elsewhere must act more actively in its own defense. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared aims of.safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairman and chairwoman of these organizations to make placatory statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would-be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say. 答案解析
Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car bomb. The research community will rightly be alarmed at these developments, which have two aims:to draw public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The scientists insist that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trial. The Defense Research Society has taken the practical step ofoffering a reward of $10,000 for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack. That is why the intellectual community in Britain and elsewhere must act more actively in its own defense. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared aims of.safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairman and chairwoman of these organizations to make placatory statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would-be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say. 答案解析
期货合约中的惟一变量是（　）。答案解析
关于交易手续费，下列说法不正确的是（　）。答案解析
By 1970, according to a World Wildlife Fund report, only about 4,500 tigers survived throughout the world-half of them in India. Mr. Foresters, who followed and counted tiger footprints, estimated that in May 1972 only about 1,800 tigers existed in India. Project Tiger Supported by W.W.F. was immediately launched. Nine tiger reserves(保留地) were created, with armed guards protecting them.　　The project provided opportunities for researchers from India and abroad to study tigers in the reserves and gather previously unavailable information about their habits. Studies show that a male tiger may control a hunting territory of between 10 and 20 square kilometers, depending on its age, size and strength. Theterritory of male includes the smaller territories(领地) of three or four tigresses. A tiger marks the boundaries of its territories by spraying urine and other bodily liquids on bushes. But it tries to avoid territorial fights, being guided by the distinctive body smell of other tigers. Tigers fight to death only when a tigress is defending her young, or when a tiger is guarding a tigress from the attentions of other males.　　The popular image of the tiger is that of a merciless and unconquerable hunter. But studies show that it catches only one of 20 victims it tries to attack.　　Fears have recently developed that Project Tiger has been too successful. It has enabled the tiger population to double (by mid-80 S), but India"s human population has also grown out of control. Currently it is 750 million and likely to be 900 million by the end of the century. Land problem is becoming serious and many rural people feel bitter about the fact that some rich forests are reserved for tigers. A growing number of attacks by tigers on man has added to the hostility . 答案解析
Federal Express is a company that specializes in rapid overnight delivery of high-priority packages. The first company of its type, Federal Express was founded by the youthful Fred Smith in 1971, when he was only28 years old. Smith had actually developed the idea for the rapid delivery service in a term paper for an economics class when he was a student at Yale University.　　The term paper received a less-than-stellar grade because of the infeasibility of the project that Smith had outlined. The model that Smith proposed had never been tried; it was a model that was efficient to operate but at the same time very difficult to institute.　　Smith achieved efficiency in his model by designing a system that was separate from the passenger system and could, therefore, focus on how to deliver packages most efficiently. His strategy was to have his own planes so that he could create his own schedules and to ship all packages through the centralized hub city of Memphis, a set-up which resembles the spokes (轮辐) on the wheel of a bicycle. With this combination ofhis own planes and hub set-up, he could get packages anywhere in the United States overnight.　　What made Smith’s idea difficult to institute was the fact that the entire system had to be created before the company could begin operations. He needed a fleet of aircraft to collect packages from airports every night and deliver them to Memphis, where they were immediately sorted and flown out to their new destinations; he needed a fleet of trucks to deliver packages to and from the various airports; he needed facilities and trained staff all in place to handle the operation. Smith had a $4 million inheritance from his father, and he managed to raise an additional 91 million dollars from venture capitalists to get the companyoperating. 答案解析
下列关于商品期货合约交易单位的说法，正确的有（　）。答案解析