Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car bomb.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    The research community will ly be alarmed at these developments, which have two aims:to draw public attention and to fen people working in research with animals. The scientists insist that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trial. The Defense Research Society has taken the practical step ofoffering a reward of $10,000 for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    That is why the intellectual community in Britain and elsewhere must act more actively in its own defense. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared aims of.safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairman and chairwoman of these organizations to make placatory statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would-be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the s of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.

    Students of economics are in revolt ( 造反 ) again.This year,65 groups of students from 30 countries established an International Student Initiative for Pluralism ( 多元化) in Economics. In not her subject do students express such organized dissatisfaction with their teaching. It seems, however, to little lasting effect. Temporality is inherent in student life: they don suits, collect their first salary and leave their complaints behind until the same complaints are rediscovered by a new group of19-year-olds with similar naive hopes of changing the world. Still, recurrent dissatisfaction among both students and employers suggests they have a point.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    One cause of the problem is not specific to economics. Modem universities prize research above teaching, to a degree that would astonish people outside the system, who imagine its primary purpose is to educate the young. In reality, teaching ability plays a bit role in university hiring and promotion decisions. Many academic staff regard teaching as a trouble that gets in the way of their "own" work. If most students were not having such a good time outside the classroom, they would be angrier than they are. They should be.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Students demand for more pluralism in the economics curriculum is well made. Yet much of the" heterodox economics" the Manchester students suggest including is flaky, the creation of people with their own political agenda. Their professors reject the introduction of these alternative schemes.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Yet teachers are mistaken in their conformity, to a single methodological approach—concluded in the claim that hastaken hold in the past four decades that approaches not based on rational choice foundations are unscientific or" not economics". The need is not so much to teach alternative paradigms of economics as to teach thatpragmatism, not paradigm, is the key to economic understanding.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    This eclecticism is reflected in the curriculum setting. The subject of economics is not a method of analysis but a set of problems--the problems that drew students to the subject in the first place. The proper scope of economics is any and all ideas that bear usefully on these topics: just as the proper scope of medicine is any and all therapies that help the patient.

下列属于我国期货中介与服务机构的有（　）。

    There are people who are especially attracted to the notion of "climbing the ladder" so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. In part, as a result of the work ethic, these people are internally "driven" to work. Not infrequently, foreign visitors have observed that Americans spend an inordinate(过度的)amount of time working and, as a consequence, Americans have little time for leisure or personal relationships. In American English a new word"workaholic" has been created to describe an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic (酒鬼)is to liquor.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The Americans culture values achievement, efficiency, and production--a workaholic supports these values.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Despite the presence of workaholics,there is a growing realization in the United States that excessive work demands can be physically and mentally harmful. Many people have been rebelling against the work ethic, claiming that when a job is so important, personal relationships suffer and relaxation becomes secondary. Consequently there has been a shift in values, with more emphasis being given to personal relationships and non-work activities.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Increased leisure time in the United States has not changed the idea that work and play are distinct activities."There is a belief that it is desirable" to work hard and play hard,and undesirable to combine the two. In many offices, stores and factories socializing among employees is discouraged. An employee under pressure at work often cannot afford to respond to social calls and visits. However, the amount of personal contact on the job depends on the nature of the work.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    People are ambivalent (矛盾的)toward work; it is, at the same time, glorified and belittled. In the words of former President Richard Nixon: "The 'work ethic' holds that labor is good in itself; that a man or woman becomes a better person by virtue of the act of working. America' s competitive spirit, the 'work ethic' of this people, is alive and well ..." Another viewpoint is expressed in an Anacin commercial:"I like my job and am good at it, but it sure grinds me down( 折磨 )sometimes, and the last thing I need to take home is a headache."

    Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car bomb.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    The research community will ly be alarmed at these developments, which have two aims:to draw public attention and to fen people working in research with animals. The scientists insist that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trial. The Defense Research Society has taken the practical step ofoffering a reward of $10,000 for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    That is why the intellectual community in Britain and elsewhere must act more actively in its own defense. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared aims of.safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairman and chairwoman of these organizations to make placatory statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would-be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the s of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.