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    When families gather for Christmas dinner, some will stick to formal traditions dating back to Grandma’s generation. Their tables will be set with the good china and silver, and the dress code will be Sunday-best.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/  But in many other homes, this china-and-silver elegance has given way to a stoneware (粗陶)-and-stainless informatity, with dress assuming an equally casual-Friday look. For hosts and guests, the change means greater simplicity and comfort. For makers of fine china in Britain, it spells economic hard times.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/  Last week Royal Doulton, the largest employer in Stoke-on-Trent, announced that it is eliminating 1,000 jobs-one-fifth on its total workforce. That brings to more than 4,000 the number of positions lost in 18 months in the pottery (陶瓷) region. Wedgwood and other pottery factories made cuts earlier.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/  Although a strong pound and weak markets in Asia play a role in the downsizing, the layoffs in Stoke have their roots in earthshaking social shifts. A spokesman for Royal Doulton admitted that the company "has been somewhat slow in catching up with the trend" toward casual dining. Families eat together less often, he explained, and more people eat alone, either because they are single or they eat in front of television.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/  Even dinner parties, if they happen at all, have gone casual. In a time of long work hours and demanding family schedules, busy hosts insist, ly, that it’s better to share a takeout pizza on paper plates in the family room than to wait for the perfect moment or a "real" dinner party. Too often, the perfect moment never comes. Iron a fine-patterned tablecloth? Forget it. Polish the silver? Who has time?  Yet the loss of formality has its downside. The fine points of etiquette (礼节) that children might once have learned at the table by observation or instruction from parents and grandparents ("Chew with your mouth closed." "Keep your elbows off the table. ") must be picked up elsewhere. Some companies now offer etiquette seminars for employees who may be competent professionally but clueless socially.

1.[单选题]The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is_____.

A.the increased value of the pound

B.the economic recession in Asia

C.the change in people’s way of life

D.the fierce competition at home and abroad

2.[单选题]Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life_____.

A.are still a must on certain occasions

B.are bound to return sooner or later

C.are still being taught by parents at home

D.can help improve personal relationships

3.[单选题]he trend toward casual dining has resulted in_____.

A.bankruptcy of fine china manufacturers

B.shrinking of the pottery industry

C.restructuring of large enterprises

D.economic recession in Great Britain

4.[单选题]It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is_____.

A.a retailer of stainless steel tableware

B.a dealer in stoneware

C.a pottery chain store

D.a producer of fine china

5.[单选题]Which of the following may be the best reason for casual dining?

A.Family members need more time to relax.

B.Busy schedules leave people no time for formality.

C.People, want to practice economy in times of scarcity.

D.Young people won’t follow the etiquette of the older generation.

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   Health experts have called adolescents to avoid salty diets, warning that such diets were capable of causing hypertension (高血压), as they grow older. The experts, who spoke in Lagos during cardiovascular (心血管的) grass root programme organised by Chike Okoli Foundation in collaboration with Lagos State Ministry of Education for over 1,000 senior secondary students (SSS) of Dairy Farm Senior Secondary School, Lagos, also urged adolescents to be mindful of their lifestyles as whatever they do today have future implications on their heart.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    The grass root programme is an annual event aimed to educate, create awareness and screen students in secondary school of heart related diseases in memory of Chike Okoli, who died at the age of 25 of cardiovascular disease. This year, the programme is targeting over 10,000 students in Lagos public schools.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Public health physician and resident doctor at the university of Lagos Teaching Hospital (LUTH), Dr Idiakhoa Iyare, who was one of the guest lecturers for the programme, said the importance of the cardiovascular grass root programme could not be over emphasised as exposing young ones to implications of their lifestyles would save them from deaths and sufferings that could result from future cardiovascular diseases. "If we call hypertension a silent killer, it means that it is going to be silent for along time," Iyare said. " But if we could make the children get aware earlier and start focusing on healthy ways of living while they are much younger, it would be easier for them to modify their habits while they are young."
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Programme Coordinator of Chike OkoliFoundation, Mrs. Beaty Alfred, said that the programme was important to raise the health status of students in Lagos schools because "we believe that they are ignorant of the implications of some of their lifestyles," adding that "we want to catch them young."
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/The students were taken through series of lectures on the causes, implications and how to avoid hypertension by various experts from LUTH. Blood pressures of the students were also measured. Iyare added that hypertension is different from high blood pressure, which could arise from increased activities. The public health physician said:"Hypertension is a persistently elevated blood pressure. That means that the blood pressure is greater than 140-millimetre mercury systolic blood pressure and greater than 90-millimetre mercury diastolic blood pressure."

1.[单选题]What can we know about cardiovascular grass root programme?

A.It is organised by Chike Okoli.

B.It is held once a year.

C.It is a lecture on heart related diseases.

D.It is started by Lagos State Ministry of Education.

2.[单选题]The blood pressure of a patient with hypertension________

A.can arise from increased activities

B.is between 90 to 140 millimetre mercury

C.cannot be easily changed by external causes

D.is greater than that of a patient with high blood pressure

3.[单选题]Why does Iyare call hypertension a silent killer?

A.It usually takes away people's life silently.

B.People suffering from it would lose their voice.

C.People with such disease would say nothing about it.

D.It will have no symptom before it gets serious.

4.[单选题]What is the importance of the programme according to Mrs. Beaty Alfred?

A.It helps students know well of the implications of some of their lifestyles.

B.It enables students to catch up with their peers when they are much younger.

C.The health status of students can only be raised by participating in the programme.

D.It significantly reduced the number of students who die from heart related diseases.

5.[单选题]Dr Idiakhoa Iyare________

A.is a guest expert at LUTH

B.has a residence in Lagos

C.was teaching in the university of Lagos

D.worked for the grass root programme

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某指标呈正态分布,均值等于20,变异系数等于10%,则其95%参考值范围是( )

A16.08~23.92

B18.04~19.96

C18.35~21.65

DP2.5~P97.5

E无法确定

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    For reasons that are deeply rooted in culture and tradition, men significantly outnumber women in mathematics-based careers. As students progress through the mathematics courses, girls and boys show little difference in ability, effort, or interest in mathematics until adolescent years when course and career choices begin influencing school effort. Then, as social pressure increases and career goals are formed, girls' decisions to reduce effort in the study of mathematics progressively cut them off from many professional careers in the future. 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Many girls drop mathematics in high school or in the transition to college. Others drop out later. Women perform virtually as well as men in college mathematics courses, but beyond the bachelor's degree women drop out of mathematics at twice the rate of men. Women now enter college nearly as well prepared in mathematics as men, and 46 percent of mathematics baccalaureates (学士学位)go to women. Despite this record, only 35 percent of the master's degrees and 17 percent of the Ph. D degrees in the mathematical sciences are earned by women. 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Overall, women receive approximately one third of university degrees in science and engineering. The highest percentages of women are found in those sciences with the least mathematical prerequisite: psychology, biology, and sociology. The lowest percentages of women enter fields requiring the most mathematics, namely, physics, engineering, economics, geo-science, and chemistry. Evidence from many sources suggest that it is differences in course patterns rather than lack of ability that matter most in limiting women's access to careers in mathematically intensive sciences. 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/Widely reported studies concerning the high percentage of boys among mathematical prodigies ( 天才. —those who at age 12 perform at the level of average college students—often convey the impression that gender differences in mathematics are biologically determined. But evidence from the vast majority of students shows almost no difference in performance among male and female students who have taken equal advantage of similar opportunities to study mathematics. Inferences ( 推论)from very exceptional students—child prodigies—mean little about the performance of the general population. 

1.[单选题]The high percentage of boys among mathematical prodigies __.

A.means that boys are cleverer in mathematics than girls

B.doesn't mean that boys are cleverer in mathematics than girls

C.means that boys do much better in math exams than girls

D.may be explained by the fact that boys work harder than girls

2.[单选题]According to this passage,which of the following is NOT TRUE?

A.Many girls decide to reduce effort in the study of mathematics as social pressure increases.

B.More women drop out of mathematics than men beyond the bachelor ’s degree.

C.Women tend to prefer the majors such as psychology,biology,and sociology.

D.Women ’S less interest in mathematics limits their access to some careers.

3.[单选题]According to the author, the learning abilities of males and females in mathematics are similar until they____.

A.enter high school

B.enter college

C.acquire their bachelor's degree

D.acquire their master's degree

4.[单选题]___ is the factor that limits women's access to careers in mathematically intensive sciences.

A.Lack of ability

B.Culture

C.Effort

D.Course pattern

5.[单选题]Of the following degrees, the lowest percentage of degree earned by women is.

A.master's degree in economics

B.master's degree in biology

C.doctor's degree in economics

D.doctor's degree in biology

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    Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the "look-say" or "whole-word" method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding,developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, "learning how to learn" activities recommended by advocates ( 倡导者) of "open" classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these "Run-Spot-Run" readers.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called "the great debate" in beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can't Read, Flesch indicted (控诉) the nation's public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method.He said--and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed--that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics (语音学), is far superior.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Systematic phonics first teaches children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up arelatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.

1.[单选题]According to the author, which of the following statements is true?

A.Phonics approach regards whole word method as unimportant.

B.The whole word approach emphasizes decoding.

C.In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.

D.Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can belearned.

2.[单选题]The author indicts the look-say reading approach because ________.

A.it overlooks decoding

B.Rudolf Flesch agrees with him

C.he says it is boring

D.many schools continue to use this method

3.[单选题]One major difference between the  "look-say" method of learning reading and the phonics method is ________.

A.look-say is simpler

B.phonics takes longer to learn

C.look-say is easier to teach

D.phonics gives readers access to far more words

4.[单选题]The phrase "touch off' (Para.3 )most probably means ________.

A.talk about shortly

B.start or cause

C.compare with

D.oppose

5.[单选题]The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is ________.

A.only logical and natural

B.the expected position

C.probably a mistake

D.merely effective instruction

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    Gestures aren't the only area in which the unwary traveler can get tripped up. Foreign cultures adhere to different business customs and behavior. For example, Caffeine junkies should restrain themselves in the Middle East. "Three cups of tea or coffee is usually the polite limit in offices and during social calls," counsels "Travel Pak," a free publication of Alia, the Royal Jordanian Airline. "Butif your host keeps going, you also may continue sipping. If you're had your fill, give your empty cup a quick twist a sort of wiggle--as you hand it back.That means "No more, thank you."
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    Middle East visitors also should not be surprised "if others barge into the office in the middle of your conversation with the person you are seeing," notes "Travel Pak." An old Arab custom calls for keeping an "open office." The British, however,consider it impolite to interrupt a visitor, even after all business has been transacted. The commercial caller is expected to be sensitive to this point,know when to stop, and initiate his or her own departure. In Japan certain guests at evening business gatherings will leave early. They should be allowed to leave without effusive goodbyes. The Japanese consider formal departures to be disruptive in such cases and disturbing to remaining guests. In Scandinavia and Finland business guests may be asked to shed their clothes and join their hosts in a sauna.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    The invitation is a sign that a good working relationship has been established. In the Arab world, the word"no" must be mentioned three times before it is accepted. In contrast, it is considered good business manners to make many and long efforts to pick up the check. In the People' s Republic of China, gift giving is considered an insult, says Patrick J. Lewis, President of Club Universe, a Los Angeles tour operator. "If you want to give someone a gift, make sure it's modest in value. This will not be considered offensive. but it may be declined," The Chinese manner of expressing friendship and welcome is to clap. Lewis adds. "You may be greeted with clapping when entering a factory,hospital, commune, or school. Politeness dictates that you respond with applause, even though it may seem like you're clapping for yourself."

1.[单选题]Which of the following statement is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Uninvited visitors are welcome in Middle Eastern office.

B.In Britain, business visitors can stay as long as they like.

C.In China, people may greet a foreigner's entering a school with clapping.

D.In the Arab world, saying "No"for 3 times until it is accepted.

2.[单选题]In Finland, business guests may________.

A.take flowers to the host

B.send an expensive gift to the host

C.have a swimming or sauna with the host

D.present a business card

3.[单选题]In China, a gift to the host means________.

A.an attempt to praise the host

B.a modest manner

C.a response of applause

D.offended action to the host's dignity

4.[单选题]In the Middle East, it is considered ________.

A.impolite to drink at least 3 cups of coffee

B.impolite to drink more than 3 cups of coffee unless your host drinks more

C.polite to ask the host to give you as more as he can

D.polite to leave a party as early as you want

5.[单选题]In Japan, the guest at an evening party will ________.

A.leave early without saying goodbyes

B.stay as long as he can

C.stay to have a swimming with the host

D.present his business cards immediately

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经纬仪整平的目的是( )处于铅垂位置。

A仪器竖轴

B仪器横轴

C仪器管轴

D视线

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护理技术操作质量标准包括

A严格三查七对

B正确、及时

C确保安全、省力、省物

D各项操作严格执行无菌技术原则

E用药、治疗提供规范服务

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1.[单选题]__________________.

A.Inefficient management.

B.Poor ownership structure.

C.Lack of innovation and competition.

D.Lack of runway and terminal capacity.

2.[单选题]

___________________.

A.Whether more airports should be built around London.

B.Whether adequate investment is being made to improve airport facilities.

C.Whether the British Airports Authority should sell off some of its assets.

D.Whether the Spanish company could offer better service.

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style=text-align: justify;    In a country that defines itself by ideas, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come, work and live here? In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/  On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged “Operation Safe Travel”—raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification (身份证明). In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Authorities said the undocumented workers’ illegal status made them open to blackmail(讹诈)by terrorists.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/  Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.
style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/  Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in these places. we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then you’re disposable. There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons, ” Anderson said. If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben&Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport, had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation(驱逐出境). Castro’s case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben&Jerry’s.

1.[单选题]How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about “Operation Safe Travel”?

A.Guilty.

B.Offended.

C.Disappointed.

D.Discouraged.

2.[单选题]According to the author,the United States claims to be a nation_____.

A.composed of people having different values

B.encouraging individual pursuits

C.sharing common interests

D.founded on shared ideals

3.[单选题]Undocumented workers became the target of “Operation Safe Travel” because _____.

A.evidence was found that they were potential terrorists

B.most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorist attacks

C.terrorists might take advantage of their illegal status

D.they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport

4.[单选题]What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?

A.She will be deported sooner or later.

B.She is allowed to stay permanently.

C.Her case has been dropped.

D.Her fate remains uncertain.

5.[单选题]By saying “…we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are” (Line 2, Para. 4), Mayor Anderson means “_____”.

A.we will turn a blind eye to your if legal status

B.we will examine the laws in a different way

C.here are other ways of enforcing the law

D.the existing laws must not be ignored

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