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B) The 42-year-old Australian electrical engineer is dedicated to bringing all five senses into communication and has a nose for(对敏感) commercial potential. His team's first smart phone smell product, Scentee, made by a Japanese company, is already selling 10,000 $ 30 units a month in Japan,traditionally the most receptive first market for eccentric technology products. It may soon make in-roads in the US. Bacon company Oscar Meyer earlier this year offered as competition prizes 1,000Scentees. The idea? For winners to programme their iPhone alarm to wake them with the aroma offrying bacon. Other innovators are working in this area too. Israeli inventor Amos Porat claims tohave shown a prototype of his digital smell dispenser, Scentasia, to enthusiastic toy manufacturers inthe US. Scentee is analogue in that it is chemical-based. It resembles a pipe bowl that connects to theheadphone socket of an iPhone 5 and, when triggered by text or alarm, emits a puff of, typically,bacon, coffee or lavender. Scentee can produce only one smell at a time, so the recipient has to havethe cartridge (套筒) fitted to get the olfactory (嗅觉的) message as intended. But on ProfCheok's lab bench is the next prototype, which can produce 10 smell combinations.
C) "Once these technologies come together, we'll have high-fidelity capture and transmission of smell,"Prof Cheok says, speaking in a workshop full of electronic components and soldering irons. "Therewill be something like an ink-jet printer, with maybe 100 valves in a unit and real time combinationsto create many smells. " While this is theoretically possible, he admits he has not actually done it yet.
D) Corporate researchers are also looking into this area, however. Prof Cheok produces from his book-shelf a 2013 academic paper showing that this field may already be beyond the merely strange. It isentitled "Development of Highly Sensitive Compact Chemical Sensor System Employing a Microcantilever Array and a Thermal Preconcentrator". Its authors include someone from Olympus in Japan.
E) But how convincing is the existing City University kit? Prof Cheok demonstrates some smells createdand bottled by the renowned Mugaritz restaurant in northern Spain, which is working with his depart-ment on smell transmission. For a restaurant, transmitting smell by Internet could be a great publicitytool. The first Mugadtz aroma, of sesame, is easy to recognise. The second, which I fail to guess,is saffron. The third, which I get with prompting, is black pepper.
F) Prof Cheok's department is already working on the next level for smell transmission, which is wherethe technology goes from being partly analogue to wholly digital. "So the issue becomes, can we getaway from the chemicals by stimulating smell and taste with electrical or magnetic signals?"
G) Prof Cheok produces a crude device that electronically creates artificial taste in the brain. It is a rawcircuit board with a metal part sticking out. He asks me to put my tongue on this, promising it hasbeen cleaned with alcohol. An assistant clicks on her laptop and I get a distinctly sour sensation.Sweet, salty and bitter, he says, are in development. For electronic smell, the department is collabo-rating with a neuroscience lab in France specialising in "emotional perception". "The olfactory bulb(嗅球) is harder to access than the tongue, buried behind the nose, so probes would be painful," heexplains. "So the idea might, be a small magnetic coil in the mouth and a pulsed magnetic field thatwill generate currents in the olfactory bulb. It could take the form of a mouth guard kind of thing. "He suggests making food taste salty by embedding a taste probe on to your fork and knife.
H) Prof Cheok envisages electronic taste transmission might lead to the development of "digital food",he says, "People will transmit a flavour over the internet. " As with digital music, people will be a-ble to use the technology to invent new flavours. "It won't just lead to reproduction of coffee orwhatever, but we will digitally invent completely new kinds of food based on digital smell andtaste. "
I) A full professor at 36, Prof Cheok's accessible TED-talk manner, along with the proven demand in its test market for Scentee, gives even his arguably more left field predictions a whiff of plausibility. Af- ter all, if there is one constant that perhaps explains why some sceptically received inventions succeed where others fail, it is that they appeal to basic human emotion and the desire to communicate.
J) Lest any bodily sense should feel left out, Prof Cheok then turns to communicating touch by comput- er, an idea that was being discussed 30 years ago when virtual reality was in vogue. Except, as with Scentee, Prof Cheok and his disciples have already been there and sold the T-shirt, so to speak. James Teh, a former PhD student, has spun off a Singapore company, www. mytjacket, tom, making re- motely controlled "hugging jackets" for autistic children( 自闭症儿童), who are especially receptive to a hug, even if it is delivered by a parent thousands of miles away from his phone. It is impossible, of course, to predict if any of Prof Cheok and his team's inventions will take off. However, with their focused attention to those all important human emotions, and the raw evocative(唤起的）power of smell in particular, it is hard not to feel they are in fertile territory.

1.[选词填空]Prof Cheok creates a gadget, which will produce artificial taste sensations in the brain.

2.[选词填空]A particular device would grant parents the ability to give a reassuring hug remotely from anywhere tochildren with autism.

3.[选词填空]According to one academic paper, transmission of smell sensation is no longer an odd field of study.

4.[选词填空]The Japanese are more readily to accept the unconventional technology products.

5.[选词填空]According to Prof Cheok, it is possible in theory to create many smells at the same time.

6.[选词填空]The reason why those seemingly whimsical inventions turn out to be successful is that they meetpeople's emotional and communicative needs.

7.[选词填空]Smell transmission by Intemet would help a restaurant attract the public's attention.

8.[选词填空]Adrian Cheok has a sharp instinct about a product's commercial potential.

9.[选词填空]Like composing digital music, people will be capable of creating new flavours digitally.

10.[选词填空]The sense of smell can help evoke one's memories and nostalgic feelings according to a physician.

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style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/ The Text
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/B． Keep the wording clear and simple. Use active, visual language. Cut unnecessary words--a good rule of thumb is to cut paragraphs down to sentences, sentences into phrases, and phrases into keywords. Limit the number of words and lines per slide. Try the Rule of Five-five words per line, five lines per slide. If too much text appears on one slide,use the Auto Fit feature to split it between two slides. Click within the placeholder to display the Auto Fit Options button (its symbol is two horizontallines with arrows above and below., then click on the button and choose Split Text between Two Slides from the submenu.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/C． Font size for titles should be at least 36 to 40, while the text body should not be smaller than 24.Use only two font styles per slide--one for the title and the other for the text. Choose twofonts that visually contrast with each other. Garamond Medium Condensed and impact are good for titles, while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for thetext body.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/D． Embed the fonts in your presentation, ifyou are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present in thecomputer that will be used for the presentation. To embed the fonts: ( 1 )Onthe File menu, click Save As.(2) On the toolbar, click Tools, click Save Options, select the Embed True Type Fonts check box, and then select Embed characters in use only.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/E． Use colors sparingly; two to three atmost. You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body.Be consistent from slide to slide. Choose a font color that contrasts well withthe background.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/F． Capitalizing the first letter of eachword is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized. In bullet point lines, capitalize the first word and no other words unless they normally appear capped. Upper and lower case lettering is more readable than all capital letters. Moreover, current styles indicate that using all capital letters meansyou are shouting. If you have text that is in the wrong case, select the text, and then click Shift+F3 until it changes to the case style that you like. ClickingShift+F3 toggles the text case between ALL CAPS, lower case, and Initial Capital styles.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/G) Use bold or italic typeface for emphasis. Avoid underlining, it clutters up the presentation. Don't center bulleted lists or text. It is confusing to read. Left align unless you have agood reason not to. Run "spell check" on your show when finished.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/ The Background
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/H) Keep the background consistent. Simple,light textured backgrounds work well. Complicated textures make the content hard to read. If you are planning to use many clips in your slides, select a white background. If the venue of your presentation is not adequately light-proof, select a dark-colored background and use any light color for text.Minimize the use of "bells and whistles" such as sound effects,"flying words" and multiple transitions. Don't use red in any fonts or backgrounds. It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/The Clips
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/I) Animations are best used subtly; too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers( Do not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office. You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google images. While searching for images, do not use long search phrases as isusually done while searching the web-use specific words.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/J) When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes and are in a jpg format. Larger files can slow down your show. Keep graphs, charts and diagrams simple, if possible. Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data. The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships. 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/The Presentation
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/K) If you want your presentation todirectly open in the slide show view, save it as a slide show file using the following steps. Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show. On the File menu, click Save As. In the Save as type list, click PowerPoint Show. Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension. When you double-clickon this file, it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view.When you're done, PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop. If you want to edit the slide show file, you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/L) Look at the audience, not at the slides,whenever possible. If using a laser pointer, don't move it too fast. For example, if circling a number on the slide, do it slowly. Never point the laser at the audience. Black out the screen (use "B" on the keyboard) after the point has been made, to put the focus on you. Press the key again to continue your presentation.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/M) You can use the shortcut command [Ctrl]P to access the Pen tool during a slide show. Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show. To erase every-thing you've drawn, press the E key. To turn off the Pen tool, press [Esc] once. 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/Miscellaneous
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/N) Master Slide Set-Up: The "master slide" will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation. You can change fonts, colors, backgrounds, headers, and footers at the "master slide" level. First, go to the"View" menu. Pull down the "Master" menu. Select the" slide master" menu. You may now make changes at this level that meet your present ation needs.

1.[选词填空]When importing pictures, make sure that they are smaller than 2MB.

2.[选词填空]When making the PowerPoint, the wording of the text should not be complicated.

3.[选词填空]Centering bulleted lists or text is confusing to read.

4.[选词填空]When making the presentation, you should look at the audience as possible as you can.

5.[选词填空]In each slide, the font styles for thetitle and the text should contrast with each other.

6.[选词填空]Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you've drawn.

7.[选词填空]In order to meet your presentation needs, you can make changes at the "slide master" level.

8.[选词填空]The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint.

9.[选词填空]Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible.

10.[选词填空]A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of the first word.

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style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/B． The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person's height and weight.-The"Body Mass Index" (BMI) is calculated by dividing the person's weightin kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given inunits of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/C． However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age,gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic group shave very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders,who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference. 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/Health Effects of Obesity
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/D． Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that" persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today.Obesity has a major impact on a person's physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2("mature onset diabetes") and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known. 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/Cancer
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/E． Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result ofbeing overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in there productive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/F． The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman's menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead life styles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/G． The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in theWestern world! 
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/Aging
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/H. Research published by St Thomas'Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging,to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman's biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman's biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/I. The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes,which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is nolonger able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion oftelomeres.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/Dementia
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/J. Recent research (2005) conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/K. Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect life style changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/Other Problems
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/L. The world-wide upsurge in obesity,particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency caesarean section.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/M. This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.

1.[选词填空]The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation.

2.[选词填空]A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to her biological age.

3.[选词填空]Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer.

4.[选词填空]Obesity would affect a person's emotional well-being.

5.[选词填空]Obese people in middle age run an increased risk of dementia.

6.[选词填空]The world-wide upsurge in obesity,especially in children, will possibly drain economies.

7.[选词填空]Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man.

8.[选词填空]"Body Mass Index" is limited in defining a person' s weight ideal, because it does not takes into account Manyvariables such as age, gender and ethnic origin.

9.[选词填空]Whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage can be judged according to the height-weight table.

10.[选词填空]The predictive test will help people to change lifestyle, which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.

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A．Nowadays, as China's middle class swells in number---and its people discover the pleasures and disappointments of a life spent pursuing material comfort-- there has come the emergence of a distinct counter-culture. In Chinese, they are the wenyi qingnian, or wenqing for short, literally meaning "culturedyouth". It's China's closest equivalent to the alternately beloved and criticized English word, "hipster".

B．What does a typical "cultured youth" look like? Baidu Baike, China's version of Wikipedia, contains an entry on the term that quotes the writer andmusician Guo Xiaohan: "I think I'm a wenyi qingnian, and a very typicalone. I like poetry, novels, indie music ( 独立音乐 ) , European cinema,taking pictures, writing blogs, cats, gardening, making dessert and designingenvironmentally friendly bags."

C．Spiritual at heart, yet living in a very material, money-driven modern society,wenqing are marked as highly individualistic, romantic, cultural connoisseurs(行家).

D．They are more likely to be middle-to-upper class citizens, and stand indeliberate contrast to their Louis Vuitton-bag toting, BMW-driving, nouveauriche ( 暴发户) counterparts. They are defined much less by what theyown, and much more by how they think. And as Faye Li, a 27-year-old NGOworker in Beijing, said with slight mockery, "They always like to be differentfrom everybody else."

E．Like hipsters, wenqing strongly resist labeling themselves as such. Theterm "cultured youth" can divide Chinese audiences, alternately attractingadmiration or mockery. A perfect example emerged on Sina Weibo withthis post entitled, "Shanghai 'cultured youth' girls aboard a subway readingpoetry".

F．The post features a video showing three women dressed in striped dresseswith tiny, feathered top hats pinned to their hair. On board a crowdedsubway carriage they read aloud a poem about nature. Some commenterscongratulated the performers, commending-them for their creativity anddaring. But others called the video "rubbish" or noted that there did not seemto be much difference between "cultured youth" and "dnmbass youth" whichwritten in Chinese Internet slang as "2B qingnian".

G．One Internet user condemned the three performers as inauthentic ( 不真实 的 ) , writing, "Wenqing doesn't mean going through the motions; it's aboutthe content, and even more about the feelings of the inner world. Go and livein the world of wenqing, and you'll realize it has nothing to do with age orgender." The commenter's earnestness is a cultural mark of these "culturedyouth".

H．A photo collage ( 拼贴 ) that has been reposted over 7,000 times on SinaWeibo may help to illuminate the precise differences between a "culturedyouth" and a "2B youth". It illustrates a number of day-to-day activities, suchas driving, writing and eating, but each is performed in three different styles:The ordinary way, the "cultured youth" way, and the "2B youth" way.

I．While meant to be humorous, it also keenly illustrates how the definitionof "cultured youth" diverges from that of a "2B youth". It also shows whatthe self-confessed "dumbasses" of China share in common with Americanhipsters, or at least with their counter-culture origins.

J．In the United States, hipsterism ( 嬉皮士文化 ) first grew out of theslacker ( 逃避工作者 ) era of the 1990s. Slackers were frustrated youths, stuck in low paid "McJobs" and pessimistic about their futures. They hadwitnessed the sophistication (老练) with which corporate America had somagnificently co-opted the values and alternative lifestyles of the hippies,protest culture and other counter-cultures of the previous three decades. Theirresponse was to stop creating new culture altogether, indeed, to stop believing in anything.

K．Of course, the adaptability of corporate America continues to prove itself, andin the last decade we have seen hipsterism well and truly enter the Americanmainstream. Where recycling ideas from the past or from the working classwas once a kind of anti-fashion, it is now fashion. And yet hipsterism hasretained a flavor--however empty--of rebellion.

L．These characteristics are common to China's "2B youth". They are youngmen and women who have nothing much going on. As the photo collage suggests, they like to engage in pointless and deliberately self-defeatingbehavior, all, it sometimes seems, for nothing more than the "lulz" ( 从别人 的痛苦中获得快乐).

M．Behind these counter-cultures lies a hard reality. A recently released PewGlobal Attitudes Survey showed that 81 percent of those polled in Chinaagreed with the following statement: "The rich just get richer while thepoor get poorer." And as Foreign Policy reported, the country's gender imbalance--120 boys for every 100 girls--has put serious pressure on the nation's bachelors. Those hunting for a bride have come to understand that they should come calling only when armed with an apartment. This, even though "the average property in a top-tier Chinese city now costs between 15 and 20 times the average annual salary".

N．In the face of such great social pressures, it's small wonder that some Chineseyouth have made giving up an art form and a point of pride. Terms once slung like stones--"2B qingnian," along with diaosi ( 屌丝 ) , meaning "loser"-have been reclaimed by their victims and are now employed in deliberate self-mockery. These words provide a sense of identity and belonging to young Chinese who feel that on the bitterly competitive playing field of Chinese society, they are not simply falling behind; they're altogether out of the race.

O．For the majority of young Chinese, the formula for success in their fast-rising,hard-charging society remains the same: Study hard, chase the big bucks,become "mortgage slaves", quickly get married, and have a kid. Then watchthe cycle repeat. But for the growing number who find these goals harderto achieve, embracing their outsider status might be the best--and perhapsonly--way forward.

1.[选词填空]The English word "hipster" is closest in meaning to wenyi qingnian.

2.[选词填空]To a large extent, wenqing are defined by how they think instead of how muchmoney they have.

3.[选词填空]The photo collage on Sina Weibo suggests the "dumbasses youth" of Chinashare counter-culture origins with American hipsters.

4.[选词填空]Some commenters think that there is little difference between "culturedyouth" and "dumbass youth".

5.[选词填空]Accepting their outsider status is possibly the only way for those who find it'sharder to achieve their goals to move for

6.[选词填空]According to Guo Xiaohan, a wenyi qingnian has a wide range of interests.

7.[选词填空]According to an Interact user, the world of wenqing is unrelated to age orgender.

8.[选词填空]While the "2B youth" in China embody these counter-cultures, they have todeal with a hard reality.

9.[选词填空]The Chinese audiences either admire or mock at "cultured youth".

10.[选词填空]"Slackers" referred to frustrated youths who are not optimistic at their jobs and futures.

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