Man is endlessly inventive. But his greatest invention is non-invention, the skill of transmitting intact (完美无损的) and unchanged from one generation to the next the fundamental ways of doing things which he learned from the generation which preceded him.Children are conceived and reared, houses built, fish caught, and enemies killed in much the same way by most of the members of any society; and these patterns are maintained for relatively long periods of time. From the perspective of those in each new generation, and for the society as an enduring, historical entity ( 统一的), this process of cultural transmission yields enormous economy. Thanks to it, each generation need not rediscover at great cost in time and subject to great risk of failure, what those coming before have already learned. Not only is knowledge thus conserved,but the basis for communal life, resting on common information and understanding is thus established. Since all those in each generation receive more or less the same cultural heritage from the preceding generation, they can more easily relate to one another and more effectively coordinate their actions.
style=color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);/    The grand total of all the objects, ideas,knowledge, ways of doing things, habits values, and attitudes which each generation in a society passes on to the next is what the anthropologist often refers to as the culture of a group. The transmission of culture is man's substitute for the instincts(本能) whereby most other living creatures are equipped with the means for coping with their environment and relating to one another. Yet it is more flexible than instinct, and can grow; that is, it can store new information, infinitely more rapidly than the.process of mutation and biological evolution can enrich the instinctual storehouse of any other species.

1.[单选题]Which of the following processes will increase salinity of ocean waters?

A.Evaporation.

B.Precipitation.

C.Melting.

D.Dilution.

2.[单选题]The Weddell Sea _____.

A.is a good example of increased salinity in freezing sea water

B.is much larger in area than the Arctic oceans

C.has a much lower salinity now than ever

D.has the denser water in its upper parts

3.[单选题]According to this passage, the sea _ is likely to have the lowest salinity.

A.in tropical areas

B.off Antarctica

C.of high rainfall

D.with abundant

4.[单选题]The best title of the passage can be “_____”.

A.Typical Oceans and Their Respective Features

B.The Causes of the Changes in Salinity of Ocean Water

C.Different Oceans Have Different Salinity

D.The Precipitation and Evaporation of Oceans

5.[单选题]Coastal regions are mentioned as cases where _____.

A.sea water is less salty because fresh water joins in

B.rivers carry industrial exhaust into sea

C.sea ice tends to melt more quickly than in the center of oceans

D.heavy water sinks to the deeper portions of the oceans

1.[单选题]The last paragraph implies that our immune system can be weakened when _•

A.we live in an artificial climatic environment

B.there are variations in temperature and humidity

C.our body temperatures often remain not high enough

D.we are often exposed to diseases such as colds and flu

2.[单选题]The fact that about half of workers developed the ability to fight off the bacteria may__.

A.relieve people’s worry about the danger caused by the bacteria

B.help people find an effective way to get rid of the bacteria

C.reflect the serious danger brought by the bacteria

D.cause serious disease such as cancers to people

3.[单选题]The author most probably wants the readers to treat biocides with an attitude of_.

A.caution

B.trust

C.enthusiasm

D.criticism

4.[单选题]What do we know about Legionnaire’s disease from the passage?

A.It was the most widely concerned office hazard.

B.It can affect people both inside and outside the building.

C.It happens only in air-conditioned office buildings.

D.It does not develop in well-designed buildings.

5.[单选题]In the old air-conditioned systems, bacteria first develop______.

A.in the reservoirs

B.in the ventilation system

C.in the humidifiers

D.in the air intake

1.[单选题]Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by ____.

A.its absolute control of power

B.its function in preserving personal freedom

C. its role in protecting basic American values

D.its democratic way of exercising leadership

2.[单选题]The statement "The business of America is business" probably means"________".

A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerce

B.Business problems are of great importance to the American government

C.Business is of primary concern to Americans

D.America is a great power in world business

3.[单选题]Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only_____ .

A.when given equality of opportunity

B.through doing business

C.by protecting their individual freedom

D.by way of competition

4.[单选题]It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _____ .

A.Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries

B.in many countries success often depends on one’s social status

C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries

D.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America

5.[单选题]Who can benefit from business competition?

A.Honest businessmen.

B.Both businessmen and their customers

C.People with ideals of equality and freedom

D.Both business institutions and government

1.[单选题]According to the passage,"to soften the hard edges of modem buildings" means_________.

A.to pull down hospital buildings

B.to decorate hospitals with art collections

C.to improve the quality of treatment in hospitals

D.to make the comers of hospital buildings round

2.[单选题]What can we say of Peter Senior?

A.He is a pioneer in introducing art into hospitals.

B.He is a doctor interested in painting.

C.He is an artist who has a large collection of paintings.

D.He is a faithful follower of hospital art.

3.[单选题]The fact that six young art school graduates joined Peter shows that_________.

A.Peter' s enter priseis developing greatly

B.Peter Senior enjoy sgreat popularity

C.they are talented hospital artists

D.the role of hospital environment is being recognized

4.[单选题] According to Peter Senior,_________.

A.art is losing it saudience in modem society

B.art galleries should be changed into hospitals

C.patients should been couraged to learn painting

D.art should be encouraged in British hospitals

5.[单选题]After the improvement of the hospital environment,_________.

A.patients no longer need drugs in their recovery

B.patients are no longer wholly dependent on expensive drags

C.patients need good-quality drugs in their recovery

D.patients use fewer pain killers in their recovery