data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.     Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/    “Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/    Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with  their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/    Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than out-standing letters of recommendation.
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/   “We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level.” Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves. 

data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/     We all know there exists a great void (空白) in the public educational system when it comes to ___26___ to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all __27__ of the public educational system. She said, “I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to _ _28_   my own kids in.”
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/    She decided to start an afterschool program where children ___29___ in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids in the program won several state ___30___, she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and ___31___it. The global business EFK was born.
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/    Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to ___32___ recreation centers. Today, the EFK program ___33___over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from $5 million in 2014 to $10 million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, “Our nation is not ___34___ enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great ___35___.” A)  attracted    
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/B)  career    
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/C)  championships   
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/D)  degrees    
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/E)  developing    
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/F)  enroll    
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/G)  exposure    
data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/H)  feasible
I)  feeding
J)  graduating  
K)  interest 
L)  levels
M)  local
N)  operates
O)  participated

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

data-filtered=filtered style=box-sizing: border-box;/

style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/　　An important factor in a market-oriented style=margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: 宋体; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);/　　The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources( private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property A. which
B. tend
C. make
D. turn
E. embraces
F. fall
G. this
H. economy
I. factor
J. that
K. location
L. responded
M. coupled
N. competition
O. production

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